Filosofia dos Direitos Humanos a partir de Baixo: um estudo crítico do seu Imaginário e Eventos fundacionais

Abstract

No quadro do pensamento jurídico crítico, a presente tese visa oferecer uma análise alternativa e contra-hegemónica ao Imaginário da Filosofia dos Direitos Humanos, esmiuçando as «tradições inventadas» que subjazem a alguns dos seus Eventos fundacionais e assim moldam a sua específica forma mentis. A hipótese teórica na narrativa aqui proposta assenta num contraste entre a mitologia modernizada e o seu contexto original, contrabalançando-se a Ideologiekritik da desconstrução dos mythoi jurídicos de tais momentos históricos com as aspirações de emancipação social nos «excessos utópicos» legados. Doutrinalmente, há em essência um alinhamento com as pré-compreensões e fito transformador dos Critical Legal Studies, tomando-se como principais referentes teóricos Ernst Bloch, Michel Foucault e Costas Douzinas. Metodologicamente, assumindo a urgência de uma narrativa descolonizante de longue durée, parte-se da ótica da History from Below e adota-se a categoria «Resistência» como um marco analítico e jusfilosófico. Destarte, favorecendo a perspetiva da subalternidade e apodados no frutífero revisionismo hodierno da seara juspublicista, procuramos oferecer uma análise agregada dos principais Eventos e textos jurídicos, partindo de uma desconstrução da visão mitificada do Direito Antigo para o escalpelar da legalização do Encontro Colonial ibérico (1492), das Revoluções e Declarações Norte-Americana (1776), Francesa (1789), Haitiana (1804) e dos Direitos do Homem (1948). Os fins procurados com esta investigação jusfilosófica resumem-se a contribuir com meios adequados à expansão do imaginário jurídico legado e à sua sequente reflexão para o Futuro da Filosofia dos Direitos Humanos, pensada a partir do que se consideram ser os seus topoi nucleares: o anticolonialismo e o antirracismo, mais recentemente sintetizados num pulsar anticapitalista. São subsídios principalmente para o foro jus-pedagógico, mas pertinentes também para o legislativo, o judicial e o do ativismo jus-humanista, porque justificadores de um horizonte jurídico dissidente, intelectualmente responsável, democraticamente participativo e socialmente comprometido. Grounded i n a critical l egal thinking approach, the purpose of this thesis is to deliver an alternative and counter - hegemonic analysis of the Philosophy of Human Rights’ Imaginary, based on the deconstruction of some ‘invented traditions’ underlying its foundational Events, which shap e its specific forma mentis . The theoretical hypothesis hereb y suggested is based on a c ontrast between m odern mythology and its original context, counterbalancing the Ideologiekritik ( when deconstructing the legal myt h oi of such historical moments) with the aspirations of social emancipation from the «utopic excesses» bequeathed. Doctrinally, in essence there is an alignment with the Critical Legal Studies’ understandings and transformative purpose, assuming Ernst Bloch, Mic hel Foucault and Costas Douzinas as the main theoretical references. Methodologically, while recognizing the need of a longue durée decolonial narrative , a History from Below approach is adopted, a s well the category of ‘Resistance’ as an analytical and ju sphilosphical mark. Thus, favouring the perspective o f subalternity and based on current fruitful revisionism of International Law, an aggregated analysis on the main Events and legal texts is provided here : after deconstructing the mystified vision of Anc ient Law, I will analyse the legalization of the Iberian Colonial Encounter (1492), the North - American (1776), French (1789) and Haitian (1804) Declarations and Revolutions, as well the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). My aim with this jusphil osophical research is to provide a contribution to a more thorough study of the legal imaginary bequeathed, and its possible impact for the future of Philosophy of Human Rights. This will be done following what I argue to b e the nuclear topoi of this Philo sophy: anticolonialism and antiracism, more recently synthesized in an anticapitalistic pulse. These are contributions mainly to the field of legal e ducation, although also important to the legislative, judicial and legal - humanist activism branches, since they justify a dissident legal horizon, intellectually responsible, democratically engaged and socially committed.

Grounded in a critical legal thinking approach, the purpose of this thesis is to deliver an alternative and counter-hegemonic analysis of the Philosophy of Human Rights’ Imaginary, based on the deconstruction of some ‘invented traditions’ underlying its foundational Events, which shape its specific forma mentis. The theoretical hypothesis hereby suggested is based on a contrast between modern mythology and its original context, counterbalancing the Ideologiekritik (when deconstructing the legal mythoi of such historical moments) with the aspirations of social emancipation from the «utopic excesses» bequeathed. Doctrinally, in essence there is an alignment with the Critical Legal Studies’ understandings and transformative purpose, assuming Ernst Bloch, Michel Foucault and Costas Douzinas as the main theoretical references. Methodologically, while recognizing the need of a longue durée decolonial narrative, a History from Below approach is adopted, as well the category of ‘Resistance’ as an analytical and jusphilosphical mark. Thus, favouring the perspective of subalternity and based on current fruitful revisionism of International Law, an aggregated analysis on the main Events and legal texts is provided here: after deconstructing the mystified vision of Ancient Law, I will analyse the legalization of the Iberian Colonial Encounter (1492), the North-American (1776), French (1789) and Haitian (1804) Declarations and Revolutions, as well the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). My aim with this jusphilosophical research is to provide a contribution to a more thorough study of the legal imaginary bequeathed, and its possible impact for the future of Philosophy of Human Rights. This will be done following what I argue to be the nuclear topoi of this Philosophy: anticolonialism and antiracism, more recently synthesized in an anticapitalistic pulse. These are contributions mainly to the field of legal education, although also important to the legislative, judicial and legal-humanist activism branches, since they justify a dissident legal horizon, intellectually responsible, democratically engaged and socially committed.