Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/46889
Title: Rumination in Adolescence: the Distinctive Impact of Brooding and Reflection on Psychopathology
Authors: Xavier, Ana 
Cunha, Marina 
Pinto-Gouveia, José 
Keywords: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Portugal; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological; Thinking
Issue Date: 2016
Project: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/SFRH/SFRH/BD/77375/2011/PT 
Serial title, monograph or event: The Spanish Journal of Psychology
Volume: 19
Abstract: Rumination has a crucial role in the onset, severity and maintenance of depression in adolescent and adult populations. The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is the most widely self-report instrument used to assess individual differences in the tendency to engage in ruminative responses style. This paper aims to test the factor structure of the 10-item RRS and the gender-based measurement invariance, in a community sample of adolescents, using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were 542 adolescents (53% females) with a mean age of 14 years old (SD = 1.75) from middle and secondary schools (years of education's mean = 9.46, SD = 1.60) in Portugal. Results confirm the two-factor structure of the RRS composed by brooding and reflection dimensions (GFI = .93, CFI = .90, TLI = .87, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .11, 90% C.I. [0.092 to 0.121]) and the invariance across gender (GFI = .91, CFI = .89, TLI = .85, RMSEA = .08, 90% C.I. [0.069 to 0.090], p < .001). RRS and their dimensions presented a good internal reliability (Brooding: α = .80; Reflection: α = .75; RRS total: α = .85). Brooding and reflection dimensions revealed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (p < .001). Multiple Regression Analysis through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) showed that brooding is significantly and strongly associated with internalizing symptoms (p < .001). Female adolescents reported more levels of rumination than male adolescents. Overall, these findings support the usefulness of the Portuguese version of RRS and suggest that this short version is an economical, valid and reliable measure to assess ruminative response styles in adolescence.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/46889
DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2016.41
Rights: openAccess
Appears in Collections:I&D CINEICC - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais

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