O Direito Fundamental à Proteção do Patrimônio Público Econômico

Abstract

O contexto contemporâneo marcado por crises financeiras, corrupção e malversação dos recursos públicos revela um cenário de violações ao patrimônio público. A necessidade de salvaguardar o patrimônio é de suma importância, uma vez que o comprometimento inadequado dos bens públicos, além de causar uma estagnação no desenvolvimento dos países, desestabilizando os governos, pode afetar a concretização dos direitos básicos dos cidadãos. A realidade demonstra a necessidade de se estabelecer os paradigmas “responsabilidade, controle e governança”. Estes paradigmas, a conjuntura pragmática e as teorias jurídicas configuram os postulados basilares do direito fundamental à proteção do patrimônio público econômico. O trabalho visa apresentar as premissas para o reconhecimento deste direito. O tema foi desenvolvido numa ordem encadeada dos referenciais: histórico, contemporâneo, teórico, conceitual-sistemático, pragmático, garantístico e crítico-analítico. Na evolução histórica foram apresentadas as civilizações grega e romana até o Estado Democrático de Direito. Na contextualização contemporânea foram mencionados os âmbitos filosófico, jurídico, político, econômico e social. Na análise teórica foram apresentadas as principais teorias geracional, jurídico-constitucional e republicana, com ênfase no Neoconstitucionalismo e Neorepublicanismo. No referencial principiológico-fundante foram expostos os princípios fundantes e estruturantes deste direito fundamental. Nos referenciais conceitual e sistemático procurou-se delimitar o bem a ser tutelado. A terminologia adequada, a composição do patrimônio público econômico, as variações e a gestão foram objetos do estudo. O referencial pragmático foi dividido em duas vertentes de violações: as evidentes (corrupção, conflito de interesses, improbidade e evasão fiscal) e as camufladas (políticas públicas para obter benefícios pessoais e outras medidas de interesses particulares ou corporativos). No referencial garantístico foram apresentados instrumentos de defesa e prevenção, sendo destacada a ação popular. Ao final foram demonstrados os desafios e as tendências no âmbito do reconhecimento. Em suma, o direito fundamental à proteção do patrimônio público econômico consiste num direito essencial à sustentabilidade estatal, à governança e à gestão pública participativa. The contemporary context marked by financial crises, corruption and embezzlement of public funds reveals a scenario of violations to public property. The need to safeguard the property is of paramount importance, since the bad use of public goods stagnates the development of countries and destabilize governments, affecting the achievement of the basic rights of citizens. The reality demonstrates the need to establish the paradigms "responsibility, control and governance." These paradigms, the pragmatic context and the legal theories constitute the basic postulates of the fundamental right to the protection of economic public property. The paper presents the assumptions for the recognition of this right. The theme was developed in a chained order of reference: historical, contemporary, theoretical, conceptual and systematic, pragmatic, guarantee and critical-analytical. Historical evolution in the Greek and Roman civilizations were presented to the Democratic State. Contextualization in contemporary philosophical, legal, political, economic and social spheres were mentioned. In the theoretical analysis, the generational, legal, constitutional and republican theories were presented, with emphasis on Neoconstitutionalism and Neorepublicanism. In the principle-based framework, it was exposed basic principles of this fundamental right. In the conceptual and systematic frameworks, the legal asset to be protected was limited. The proper terminology, the content of economic public property, its types and its management were objects of study. The pragmatic framework was divided into two strands of violations: the obvious (corruption, conflict of interest, malfeasance and tax evasion) and camouflage (public policies for personal gain and other measures of private or corporate interests). Instruments of defense and prevention were presented in the protection tool framework, being highlighted in popular action. At the end, challenges and trends were demonstrated. In short, the fundamental right to protection of economic public property is an essential right to state sustainability, governance and participative public management.

The contemporary context marked by financial crises, corruption and embezzlement of public funds reveals a scenario of violations to public property. The need to safeguard the property is of paramount importance, since the bad use of public goods stagnates the development of countries and destabilize governments, affecting the achievement of the basic rights of citizens. The reality demonstrates the need to establish the paradigms "responsibility, control and governance." These paradigms, the pragmatic context and the legal theories constitute the basic postulates of the fundamental right to the protection of economic public property. The paper presents the assumptions for the recognition of this right. The theme was developed in a chained order of reference: historical, contemporary, theoretical, conceptual and systematic, pragmatic, guarantee and critical-analytical. Historical evolution in the Greek and Roman civilizations were presented to the Democratic State. Contextualization in contemporary philosophical, legal, political, economic and social spheres were mentioned. In the theoretical analysis, the generational, legal, constitutional and republican theories were presented, with emphasis on Neoconstitutionalism and Neorepublicanism. In the principle-based framework, it was exposed basic principles of this fundamental right. In the conceptual and systematic frameworks, the legal asset to be protected was limited. The proper terminology, the content of economic public property, its types and its management were objects of study. The pragmatic framework was divided into two strands of violations: the obvious (corruption, conflict of interest, malfeasance and tax evasion) and camouflage (public policies for personal gain and other measures of private or corporate interests). Instruments of defense and prevention were presented in the protection tool framework, being highlighted in popular action. At the end, challenges and trends were demonstrated. In short, the fundamental right to protection of economic public property is an essential right to state sustainability, governance and participative public management.