Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/29346
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.advisorCrespo, Paulo Alexandre Vieira-
dc.contributor.advisorSalvador, Ricardo Nuno Bra co Forte-
dc.contributor.advisorSilvestre, João Carlos Gonçalves-
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Nuno Miguel Saraiva-
dc.date.accessioned2015-09-17T15:00:25Z-
dc.date.available2015-09-17T15:00:25Z-
dc.date.issued2015-07-
dc.identifier.citationSantos, Nuno Miguel Saraiva/Development of a New, Improved Deep-Brain Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator (TMS)por
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10316/29346-
dc.descriptionDissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbrapt
dc.description.abstractThe term transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) refers to the capability of inducing neurocurrents in the brain by the application of transient magnetic fields, properly generated and delivered through a stimulating coil. Since its introduction, about 30 years ago, this non-invasive technique has been widely used both for neuroscience research and, more recently, in the handling of refractory depression and migraine. However, many other clinical applications such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, schizophrenia or autism, may potentially benefit from the ability of TMS systems to neuromodulate deeply located brain regions with sufficient intensity, which remains inaccessible to standard TMS coils. The present dissertation describes the optimisation work that allowed the proposal of a new TMS system, comprised of five large coils, termed orthogonal configuration, specifically designed to induce an electric field at the centre of the brain with unprecedented magnitude (60 % of the magnitude of the field induced at the superficial cortex). By immersing the whole system in a conducting liquid it was demonstrated, via COMSOL Multiphysics® AC/DC simulations, that such penetration capability clearly surpasses state of the art TMS devices. For the first time, the safety of the patient and of the system operator was guaranteed, through the implementation of a metal shielding structure, surrounding the 5-coil system and the patient head, able to reduce the current density induced in the patient(operator) torso by, at least, two(four) orders of magnitude. In addition, a pioneer simulation study proved the importance of having conductive tissues around the brain, including the skull. The orthogonal configuration induces brain currents via TMS only. Nevertheless, we have found that, with the conductive liquid surrounding the patient brain, a strong component of the induced brain current arises by means of currents existing in all head interfaces, with the skull being the limiting medium. Finally, a new power electronics system was designed and simulated, under PSpice®, towards the development of a high-frequency magnetic stimulator capable of delivering TMS pulses up to 10 Hz, thus allowing the 5-coil system to apply excitatory TMS protocols.pt
dc.description.abstractA estimula¸c˜ao magn´etica transcraniana (TMS) ´e uma t´ecnica n˜ao invasiva capaz de induzir correntes el´etricas no tecido cerebral, atrav´es da aplica¸c˜ao de campos magn´eticos transientes, gerados e aplicados a partir de uma bobina. Desde o seu aparecimento, em 1985, a TMS tem sido bastante utilizada quer em investiga¸c˜ao acad´emica quer na pr´atica cl´ınica, tendo sido recentemente aprovada para o tratamento da depress˜ao refrat´aria e enxaqueca. No entanto, doen¸cas como esquizofrenia, doen¸ca de Alzheimer ou autismo poderiam beneficiar bastante se os sistemas atuais de TMS tivessem a capacidade de estimular regi˜oes profundas do c´erebro com a intensidade necess´aria `a ativa¸c˜ao neuronal. A presente disserta¸c˜ao descreve todo o processo de otimiza¸c˜ao que serviu de base ao desenvolvimento, atrav´es do software COMSOL Multiphysics® AC/DC, de um novo sistema TMS, designado por configura¸c˜ao ortogonal, cujas cinco bobinas foram especificamente projetadas para induzir no centro do c´erebro um campo el´etrico com uma intensidade sem precedentes (60 % da intensidade do campo induzido `a superf´ıcie do c´ortex), ultrapassando o estado da arte dos dispositivos de TMS. Para al´em deste resultado e pela primeira vez, conseguiu-se ainda garantir a seguran¸ca tanto do doente como do operador do sistema atrav´es da implementa¸c˜ao de uma estrutura met´alica em redor das 5 bobinas e da cabe¸ca do paciente, que permitiu reduzir a valores negligenci´aveis a densidade de corrente induzida no cora¸c˜ao do doente/operador. Atrav´es deste trabalho foi ainda poss´ıvel provar a importˆancia de existirem tecidos condutores em torno do c´erebro, incluindo o crˆanio, que influenciam fortemente a distribui¸c˜ao de correntes induzidas no c´erebro. E verdade que a ´ indu¸c˜ao de correntes provocada pela configura¸c˜ao ortogonal se baseia apenas na TMS. No entanto, a existˆencia de l´ıquido condutor envolvendo a cabe¸ca do paciente possibilita a existˆencia de uma corrente el´etrica no crˆanio que influencia fortemente a distribui¸c˜ao de corrente obtida no c´erebro. Finalmente, projetou-se um circuito de eletr´onica de potˆencia, atrav´es do PSpice®, capaz de alimentar o sistema proposto de 5 bobinas de tal forma a que seja poss´ıvel aplicar pulsos TMS a uma taxa de 10 Hz, um protocolo respons´avel por induzir respostas neuronais excitat´orias.pt
dc.language.isoengpt
dc.rightsopenAccesspt
dc.subjectTranscranial Magnetic Stimulationpt
dc.subjectDeep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationpt
dc.subjectPower electronicspt
dc.subjectEstimulação magnética transcranianapt
dc.subjectEstimulação magnética transcraniana profundapt
dc.subjectEletrónica de Potênciapt
dc.titleDevelopment of a New, Improved Deep-Brain Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator (TMS)pt
dc.typemasterThesispt
degois.publication.locationCoimbrapt
dc.peerreviewedYespor
dc.date.embargo2015-07-01*
dc.identifier.tid201535645pt
thesis.degree.grantor00500::Universidade de Coimbrapt
thesis.degree.nameMestrado em Engenharia Biomédica-
uc.rechabilitacaoestrangeiranopt
uc.date.periodoEmbargo0pt
item.grantfulltextopen-
item.fulltextCom Texto completo-
item.openairetypemasterThesis-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
crisitem.advisor.researchunitLIP – Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics-
crisitem.advisor.orcid0000-0002-0891-032X-
Appears in Collections:UC - Dissertações de Mestrado
FCTUC Física - Teses de Mestrado
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