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Title: | Improvements in Compassion and Fears of Compassion throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Study | Authors: | Matos, Marcela McEwan, Kirsten Kanovský, Martin Halamová, Júlia Steindl, Stanley R. Ferreira, Nuno Linharelhos, Mariana Rijo, Daniel Asano, Kenichi Vilas, Sara P. Márquez, Margarita G. Gregório, Sónia Brito-Pons, Gonzalo Santos, Paola Lucena dos da Silva Oliveira, Margareth de Souza, Erika Leonardo Llobenes, Lorena Gumiy, Natali Costa, Maria Ileana Habib, Noor Hakem, Reham Khrad, Hussain Alzahrani, Ahmad Cheli, Simone Petrocchi, Nicola Tholouli, Elli Issari, Philia Simos, Gregoris Lunding-Gregersen, Vibeke Elklit, Ask Kolts, Russell Kelly, Allison C. Bortolon, Catherine Delamillieure, Pascal Paucsik, Marine Wahl, Julia E. Zieba, Mariusz Zatorski, Mateusz Komendziński, Tomasz Zhang, Shuge Basran, Jaskaran Kagialis, Antonios Kirby, James Gilbert, Paul |
Keywords: | compassion; fears of compassion; longitudinal; multilevel modelling; multinational study; COVID-19; pandemic | Issue Date: | 19-Jan-2023 | Publisher: | MDPI | Project: | UID/PSI/00730/2020 Slovak Research and Development Agency (J.H. & M.K.; Contract no. PP-COVID- 20-0074) and the Vedecká Grantová Agentúra VEGA (J.H.; Grant 1/0075/19). The Canadian arm of the study was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant (A.K., ref. 435-2017-0062). SFRH/BD/130677/2017 Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (M.S.O.; Scientific Productivity Grant) |
Serial title, monograph or event: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | Volume: | 20 | Issue: | 3 | Abstract: | During large-scale disasters, social support, caring behaviours, and compassion are shown to protect against poor mental health outcomes. This multi-national study aimed to assess the fluctuations in compassion over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents (Time 1 n = 4156, Time 2 n = 980, Time 3 n = 825) from 23 countries completed online self-report questionnaires measuring the flows of compassion (i.e., Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales) and fears of compassion toward self and others and from others (i.e., Fears of Compassion Scales) and mental health at three time-points during a 10-month period. The results for the flows of compassion showed that self-compassion increased at Time 3. Compassion for others increased at Time 2 and 3 for the general population, but in contrast, it decreased in health professionals, possibly linked to burnout. Compassion from others did not change in Time 2, but it did increase significantly in Time 3. For fears of compassion, fears of self-compassion reduced over time, fears of compassion for others showed more variation, reducing for the general public but increasing for health professionals, whilst fears of compassion from others did not change over time. Health professionals, those with compassion training, older adults, and women showed greater flows of compassion and lower fears of compassion compared with the general population, those without compassion training, younger adults, and men. These findings highlight that, in a period of shared suffering, people from multiple countries and nationalities show a cumulative improvement in compassion and reduction in fears of compassion, suggesting that, when there is intense suffering, people become more compassionate to self and others and less afraid of, and resistant to, compassion. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114024 | ISSN: | 1660-4601 | DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph20031845 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D CINEICC - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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