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Título: | Water and sodium intake habits and status of ultra-endurance runners during a multi-stage ultra-marathon conducted in a hot ambient environment: an observational field based study | Autor: | Costa, Ricardo J. S. Teixeira, Ana Rama, Luís Swancott, Abigail J. M. Hardy, Lisa D. Lee, Benjamin Camões-Costa, Vera Gill, Samantha Waterman, Jessica P. Freeth, Emily C. Barrett, Edel Hankey, Joanne Marczak, Slawomir Valero-Burgos, Encarna Scheer, Volker Murray, Andrew S. Thake, Charles D. |
Palavras-chave: | Water; Drinking; Beverages; Total body water; Dehydration; Euhydration; Hyponatraemia; Carbohydrate | Data: | 15-Jan-2013 | Editora: | Springer Nature | Projeto: | Coventry University Coventry University Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group European Hydration Institute |
Título da revista, periódico, livro ou evento: | Nutrition Journal | Volume: | 12 | Número: | 1 | Resumo: | Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests ultra-runners may not be consuming sufficient water through foods and fluids to maintenance euhydration, and present sub-optimal sodium intakes, throughout multi-stage ultra-marathon (MSUM) competitions in the heat. Subsequently, the aims were primarily to assess water and sodium intake habits of recreational ultra-runners during a five stage 225 km semi self-sufficient MSUM conducted in a hot ambient environment (Tmax range: 32°C to 40°C); simultaneously to monitor serum sodium concentration, and hydration status using multiple hydration assessment techniques. Methods: Total daily, pre-stage, during running, and post-stage water and sodium ingestion of ultra-endurance runners (UER, n = 74) and control (CON, n = 12) through foods and fluids were recorded on Stages 1 to 4 by trained dietetic researchers using dietary recall interview technique, and analysed through dietary analysis software. Body mass (BM), hydration status, and serum sodium concentration were determined pre- and post-Stages 1 to 5. Results: Water (overall mean (SD): total daily 7.7 (1.5) L/day, during running 732 (183) ml/h) and sodium (total daily 3.9 (1.3) g/day, during running 270 (151) mg/L) ingestion did not differ between stages in UER (p < 0.001 vs. CON). Exercise-induced BM loss was 2.4 (1.2)% (p < 0.001). Pre- to post-stage BM gains were observed in 26% of UER along competition. Pre- and post-stage plasma osmolality remained within normal clinical reference range (280 to 303 mOsmol/kg) in the majority of UER (p > 0.05 vs. CON pre-stage). Asymptomatic hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L) was evident pre- and post-stage in n = 8 UER, corresponding to 42% of sampled participants. Pre- and post-stage urine colour, urine osmolality and urine/plasma osmolality ratio increased (p < 0.001) as competition progressed in UER, with no change in CON. Plasma volume and extra-cellular water increased (p < 0.001) 22.8% and 9.2%, respectively, from pre-Stage 1 to 5 in UER, with no change in CON. Conclusion: Water intake habits of ultra-runners during MSUM conducted in hot ambient conditions appear to be sufficient to maintain baseline euhydration levels. However, fluid over-consumption behaviours were evident along competition, irrespective of running speed and gender. Normonatraemia was observed in the majority of ultra-runners throughout MSUM, despite sodium ingestion under benchmark recommendations. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/109761 | ISSN: | 1475-2891 | DOI: | 10.1186/1475-2891-12-13 | Direitos: | openAccess |
Aparece nas coleções: | FCDEF - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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Ficheiro | Descrição | Tamanho | Formato | |
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Water-and-sodium-intake-habits-and-status-of-ultraendurance-runners-during-a-multistage-ultramarathon-conducted-in-a-hot-ambient-environment-An-observational-field-based-studyNutrition-Journal.pdf | 985.46 kB | Adobe PDF | Ver/Abrir |
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