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https://hdl.handle.net/10316/109721
Title: | Diabetes abrogates sex differences and aggravates cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women | Authors: | Melo, Filipa Mascarenhas Marado, Daniela Palavra, Filipe Sereno, José Coelho, Álvaro Pinto, Rui Lemos, Edite Teixeira de Teixeira, Frederico Reis, Flávio |
Keywords: | Diabetes; Gender; HDL-c subpopulations; Markers of cardiovascular risk; Menopause | Issue Date: | 9-Apr-2013 | Publisher: | Springer Nature | Project: | PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/65483/2009) PEst-C/SAU/UI3282/2011 COMPETE |
Serial title, monograph or event: | Cardiovascular Diabetology | Volume: | 12 | Issue: | 1 | Abstract: | Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiometabolic risk in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population, based on classical and non-traditional markers. Methods: Seventy four volunteers and 110 T2DM patients were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the following serum markers were analyzed: glucose, Total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Oxidized-LDL, total HDL-c and large and small HDL-c subpopulations, paraoxonase 1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, TNF-α, adiponectin and VEGF. Results: Non-diabetic women, compared to men, presented lower glycemia, WC, small HDL-c, uric acid, TNF-α and increased large HDL-c. Diabetes abrogates the protective effect of female gender, since diabetic women showed increased BMI, WC, small HDL-c, VEGF, uric acid, TNF-α and hsCRP, as well as reduced adiponectin, when compared with non-diabetic. In diabetic females, but not in males, WC is directly and significantly associated with TNF-α, VEGF, hsCRP and uric acid; TNF-α is directly associated with VEGF and hsCRP, and inversely with adiponectin. Postmenopausal females presented a worsen cardiometabolic profile, viewed by the increased WC, small HDL-c, VEGF, uric acid, TNF-α and hsCRP. In this population, WC is directly and significantly associated with TNF-α, VEGF, hsCRP; TNF-α is directly associated with VEGF; and uric acid is inversely associated with large HDL-c and hsCRP with adiponectin, also inversely. Conclusions: Diabetes abrogates the protective effect of gender on non-diabetic women, and postmenopausal diabetic females presented worsen cardiometabolic risk, including a more atherogenic lipid sketch and a proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic profile. The classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) fail to completely explain these differences, which are better clarified using “non-traditional” factors, such as HDL-c subpopulations, rather than total HDL-c content, and markers of inflammation and angiogenesis, namely TNF-α, hsCRP, uric acid and VEGF. Multi-therapeutic intervention, directed to obesity, atherogenic lipid particles and inflammatory mediators is advisory in order to efficiently prevent the serious diabetic cardiovascular complications. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/109721 | ISSN: | 1475-2840 | DOI: | 10.1186/1475-2840-12-61 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D IBILI - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais I&D IBILI - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais FMUC Medicina - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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Diabetes-abrogates-sex-differences-and-aggravates-cardiometabolic-risk-in-postmenopausal-womenCardiovascular-Diabetology.pdf | 1.06 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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