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Title: | Lipophilicity of Bacteriochlorin-Based Photosensitizers as a Determinant for PDT Optimization through the Modulation of the Inflammatory Mediators | Authors: | Pucelik, Barbara Arnaut, Luís G. Dąbrowski, Janusz M. |
Keywords: | bacteriochlorins; chemokines; cytokines; photodynamic therapy; immune response | Issue Date: | 19-Dec-2019 | Publisher: | MDPI | Project: | National Science Center (NCN), Poland, Sonata Bis grant number 2016/22/E/NZ7/00420 Foundation for Polish Science for START 071.2019 program PTDC/QEQ-MED/3521/2014 Pest-OE/QUI/UI0313/2014 |
Serial title, monograph or event: | Journal of Clinical Medicine | Volume: | 9 | Issue: | 1 | Abstract: | : Photodynamic therapy (PDT) augments the host antitumor immune response, but the role of the PDT effect on the tumor microenvironment in dependence on the type of photosensitizer and/or therapeutic protocols has not been clearly elucidated. We employed three bacteriochlorins (F2BOH, F2BMet and Cl2BHep) of different polarity that absorb near-infrared light (NIR) and generated a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to compare the PDT efficacy after various drug-to-light intervals: 15 min. (V-PDT), 3h (E-PDT) and 72h (C-PDT). We also performed the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of PDT crucial for the generation of the long-lasting antitumor immune response. PDT-induced damage affected the integrity of the host tissue and developed acute (protocol-dependent) local inflammation, which in turn led to the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. In order to further confirm this hypothesis, a number of proteins in the plasma of PDT-treated mice were identified. Among a wide range of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α, GM-CSF), chemokines (KC, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, MIP2) and growth factors (VEGF) released after PDT, an important role was assigned to IL-6. PDT protocols optimized for studied bacteriochlorins led to a significant increase in the survival rate of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, but each photosensitizer (PS) was more or less potent, depending on the applied DLI (15 min, 3 h or 72 h). Hydrophilic (F2BOH) and amphiphilic (F2BMet) PSs were equally effective in V-PDT (>80 cure rate). F2BMet was the most efficient in E-PDT (DLI = 3h), leading to a cure of 65 % of the animals. Finally, the most powerful PS in the C-PDT (DLI = 72 h) regimen turned out to be the most hydrophobic compound (Cl2BHep), allowing 100 % of treated animals to be cured at a light dose of only 45 J/cm2. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/106279 | ISSN: | 2077-0383 | DOI: | 10.3390/jcm9010008 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D CQC - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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