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https://hdl.handle.net/10316/104562
Title: | The Hamstrings: Anatomic and Physiologic Variations and Their Potential Relationships With Injury Risk | Authors: | Afonso, José Rocha-Rodrigues, Silvia Clemente, Filipe M Aquino, Michele Nikolaidis, Pantelis T Sarmento, Hugo Fílter, Alberto Olivares-Jabalera, Jesús Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo |
Keywords: | hamstrings injuries; interindividual variation; kinesiology; muscle architecture; exercise prescription; hamstrings anatomy | Issue Date: | 2021 | Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A. | Serial title, monograph or event: | Frontiers in Physiology | Volume: | 12 | Abstract: | The incidence and recurrence of hamstrings injuries are very high in sports, posing elevated performance and financial-related costs. Attempts to identify the risk factors involved in predicting vulnerability to hamstrings injury is important for designing exercise-based programs that aim to mitigate the rate and severity of hamstrings injuries and improve rehabilitation strategies. However, research has shown that non-modifiable risk factors may play a greater role than modifiable risk factors. Recognizing non-modifiable risk factors and understanding their implications will afford the prescription of better suited exercise programs, i.e., that are more respectful of the individual characteristics. In a nutshell, non-modifiable risk factors can still be acted upon, even if indirectly. In this context, an underexplored topic is how intra and inter- individual anatomic and physiologic variations in hamstrings (e.g., muscle bellies, fiber types, tendon length, aponeurosis width, attachment sites, sex- and age-related differences) concur to alter hamstrings injuries risk. Some anatomic and physiologic variations may be modifiable through exercise interventions (e.g., cross-sectional area), while others may not (e.g., supernumerary muscle bellies). This apparent dichotomy may hide a greater complexity, i.e., there may be risk factors that are partially modifiable. Therefore, we explored the available information on the anatomic variations of the hamstrings, providing a deeper insight into the individual risk factors for hamstrings injuries and contributing with better knowledge and potential applications toward a more individualized exercise prescription. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/104562 | ISSN: | 1664-042X | DOI: | 10.3389/fphys.2021.694604 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D CIDAF - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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fphys-12-694604.pdf | 1.01 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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