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Título: | Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018 | Autor: | Schwandt, Hannes Currie, Janet Bär, Marlies Banks, James Bertoli, Paola Bütikofer, Aline Cattan, Sarah Chao, Beatrice Zong-Ying Costa, Claudia González, Libertad Grembi, Veronica Huttunen, Kristiina Karadakic, René Kraftman, Lucy Krutikova, Sonya Lombardi, Stefano Redler, Peter Riumallo-Herl, Carlos Rodríguez-González, Ana Salvanes, Kjell G Rodrigues, Paula Thuilliez, Josselin van Doorslaer, Eddy Van Ourti, Tom Winter, Joachim K Wouterse, Bram Wuppermann, Amelie |
Palavras-chave: | age-specific mortality; area-level socioeconomic status; international comparison; life expectancy; racial divide | Data: | 2021 | Editora: | PNAS | Projeto: | SFRH/BD/132218/2017 UIDB/04084/2020 |
Título da revista, periódico, livro ou evento: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Volume: | 118 | Número: | 40 | Resumo: | Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990 and 2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life expectancy in high- and low-income US areas and with reference to six European countries. Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the United States than in Europe. In 1990, White Americans and Europeans in high-income areas had similar overall life expectancy, while life expectancy for White Americans in low-income areas was lower. However, since then, even high-income White Americans have lost ground relative to Europeans. Meanwhile, the gap in life expectancy between Black Americans and Europeans decreased by 8.3%. Black American life expectancy increased more than White American life expectancy in all US areas, but improvements in lower-income areas had the greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black Americans' mortality reductions included cancer, homicide, HIV, and causes originating in the fetal or infant period. Life expectancy for both Black and White Americans plateaued or slightly declined after 2012, but this stalling was most evident among Black Americans even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. If improvements had continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages and in both high-income and low-income areas. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/95881 | ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2104684118 | Direitos: | openAccess |
Aparece nas coleções: | I&D CEGOT - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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e2104684118.full.pdf | 1.14 MB | Adobe PDF | Ver/Abrir |
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