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https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114252
Title: | Mental health outcomes of encephalitis: An international web-based study | Authors: | Butler, Matt Abdat, Yasmin Zandi, Michael Michael, Benedict D. Coutinho, Ester Nicholson, Timothy R. Easton, Ava Pollak, Thomas A. |
Keywords: | autoimmune encephalitis; hypersensitivities; infective encephalitis; mental health; psychiatric | Issue Date: | Jan-2024 | Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell | Project: | Wellcome Trust Doctoral Clinical Research Fellow, Grant/Award Number: 227515/Z/23/Z; UKRI/MRC, Grant/ Award Number: MR/V03605X/1; National Institute for Health Research, Grant/ Award Number: CO-CIN- 01; Medical Research Council; MRC/UKRI, Grant/ Award Number: MR/V007181/1; Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Number: MR/T028750/1; Wellcome, Grant/Award Number: ISSF201902/3 | Serial title, monograph or event: | European Journal of Neurology | Volume: | 31 | Issue: | 1 | Abstract: | Background and purpose: Acute encephalitis is associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite this, the extent of mental health problems following encephalitis has not been systematically reported. Methods: We recruited adults who had been diagnosed with encephalitis of any aetiology to complete a web-based questionnaire. Results: In total, 445 respondents from 31 countries (55.1% UK, 23.1% USA) responded. Infectious encephalitis constituted 65.4% of cases, autoimmune 29.7%. Mean age was 50.1 years, 65.8% were female, and median time since encephalitis diagnosis was 7 years. The most common self-reported psychiatric symptoms were anxiety (75.2%), sleep problems (64.4%), mood problems (62.2%), and unexpected crying (35.2%). Self-reported psychiatric diagnoses were common: anxiety (44.0%), depression (38.6%), panic disorder (15.7%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 21.3%). Severe mental illnesses such as psychosis (3.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (3.1%) were reported. Self-reported diagnosis rates were broadly consistent with results from the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Many respondents also reported they had symptoms of anxiety (37.5%), depression (28.1%), PTSD (26.8%), or panic disorder (20.9%) that had not been diagnosed. Rates of psychiatric symptoms did not differ between autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. In total, 37.5% respondents had thought about suicide, and 4.4% had attempted suicide, since their encephalitis diagnosis. More than half of respondents (53.5%) reported they had no, or substandard, access to appropriate mental health care. High rates of sensory hypersensitivities (>75%) suggest a previously unreported association. Conclusions: This large international survey indicates that psychiatric symptoms following encephalitis are common and that mental health care provision may be inadequate. We highlight a need for proactive psychiatric input. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114252 | ISSN: | 1351-5101 1468-1331 |
DOI: | 10.1111/ene.16083 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D CNC - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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Euro J of Neurology - 2023 - Butler - Mental health outcomes of encephalitis An international web‐based study.pdf | 1.62 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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