Patient-reported burden and overall impact of dry eye disease across eight European countries: a cross-sectional web-based survey

Abstract

Objective Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease involving the tears and ocular surface. It impacts a patient’s quality of life (QoL) and ability to perform daily activities. This study assessed the burden of self-reported DED among adults in eight European countries. Design Online cross-sectional survey. Setting General population in France, Italy, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. Participants Adults aged ≥18 years with (n=6084) and without (n=6161) self-reported DED were recruited via emails and screened. Main outcome measures All participants completed National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ- 25) and EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D- 5L). All DED participants completed the Eye Dryness Score (EDS) Visual Analogue Scale, and Ocular Comfort Index and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem questionnaires. In addition, half of the respondents with DED completed Survey A (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life) and the other half completed Survey B (Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire) and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5. Results Participants with self-reported DED had lower functional vision and lower overall health status than participants without self-reported DED as measured by the NEI-VFQ and EQ-5D- 5L, respectively. Increasing self-reported DED severity as measured by the EDS was shown to correspond with worse symptom severity/frequency, lower functional vision, higher impact on work productivity, daily activities and QoL. Conclusion This study showed that patients’ reported burden of self-reported DED was similar across the eight European countries. Those with self-reported DED reported lower health status and functional vision compared to those without self-reported DED and these parameters worsen with increasing disease severity.