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Title: | Crafting and Analyzing Multi-Structured Aramid Materials and Their Pyrolytic Transformations: A Comprehensive Exploration | Authors: | Trigo-López, Miriam Miguel, Álvaro García, José M Mendía, Aránzazu Fernández Ruiz, Virginia Valente, Artur J. M. Vallejos, Saul |
Keywords: | pyrolysis; aromatic polyamides; aramids; microporous-materials; Nomex; Kevlar; meta-aramid; para-aramid | Issue Date: | 3-Nov-2023 | Publisher: | MDPI | Serial title, monograph or event: | Polymers | Volume: | 15 | Issue: | 21 | Abstract: | Gradient porous materials, particularly carbon-based materials, hold immense potential in the fields of batteries, energy storage, electrocatalysis, and sensing, among others, by synergistically combining the attributes associated with each pore size within a unified structural framework. In this study, we developed a gradient porous aramid (GP-Aramid) by incorporating cellulose acetate as a porosity promoter in the polymer casting solution in different proportions. These GP-Aramids were subsequently transformed into their pyrolyzed counterparts (GP-Pyramids), retaining their original structures while displaying diverse cellular or dense microstructures inherited from the parent aramid, as confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction spectra provided evidence of the conversion of aramids into carbonaceous materials. The materials showed structural defects observed through the intensity ratio of the G and D bands (ID/IG = 1.05) in the Raman spectra, while X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) revealed that the carbonization process yielded pyrolyzed carbon materials unusually rich in nitrogen (6%), oxygen (20%), and carbon (72%), which is especially relevant for catalysis applications. The pyrolyzed materials showed bulk resistivities from 5.3 ± 0.3 to 34.2 ± 0.6 depending on the meta- or para-orientation of the aramid and the porous structure. This work contributes to understanding these gradient porous aromatic polyamides' broader significance and potential applications in various fields. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/111860 | ISSN: | 2073-4360 | DOI: | 10.3390/polym15214315 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | FCTUC Química - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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