Internship Reports and Monograph entitled “Converting oral to long-acting injectable antidiabetics: diabetes combat technology”

Abstract

Este trabalho engloba os Relatórios de Estágio, em Farmácia Comunitária e em Indústria Farmacêutica e a Monografia intitulada “Converting Oral to Long-acting Injectable antidiabetics: diabetes combat technology”. A diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) constitui uma doença de elevada prevalência tornando-se imprescindível recorrer a um tratamento com vista a ser mais cómodo, eficaz e seguro para o doente. A complexa fisiopatologia desta doença metabólica, assim como o incumprimento de medidas não farmacológicas adaptadas às necessidades de cada doente e ao seu dia a dia, adicionados à não adesão das terapêuticas instituídas e à não persistência das mesmas, constituem uma enorme barreira à estabilização dos níveis de glucose ao longo do tempo, comprometendo o sucesso dos tratamentos.Os investigadores começam a aproximar-se daquela que é considerada a terapêutica mais desejada, caraterizada por proporcionar um menor número de administrações e menos efeitos adversos, contudo ainda há um longo percurso a fazer para que os injetáveis de longa duração sejam uma alternativa de sucesso sobretudo quando comparados à administração de fármacos antidiabéticos através por via oral. Os fármacos que atuam ao nível dos recetores do glucagon like-peptide I (GLP-1) têm sido alvo de estudos e apontados como uma boa opção para que o doente tenha uma maior qualidade de vida. Contudo ainda se sabe pouco acerca das flutuações entre as injeções limitando a avaliação da efetividade destas formulações.Esta revisão debruça-se nos fármacos que atuam ao nível dos recetores do GLP-1, das suas vantagens e métodos para alcançar uma maior duração de ação no organismo. Tem também como objetivo identificar o impacto dos sistemas de libertação prolongada na adesão à terapêutica pelo doente, assim como na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes com DT2.

This works includes the Internship Reports and Monograph entitled “Converting Oral to Long-acting Injectable antidiabetics: diabetes combat technology”. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide high prevalence disease for which effective, safe, and convenient treatment is required for the patient. The complex physiopathology of this disease as well as failure to comply with nonpharmacological measures adapted to the patient’s lifestyle and nonadherence to the prescribed pharmacological therapies are among the main causes of not achieving appropriate control of glycemic levels, thus compromising the success of treatments.Despite developments in therapies, a long way is still needed to make long-acting injectables (LAI) as delivery systems for antidiabetic drugs, particularly when compared to drugs delivered by the oral route. GLP-1 RAs have been studied and identified as a good alternative for the patient and his quality of life. Although these drugs are well studied, little is known about fluctuations between injections limiting the evaluation of the effectiveness of these formulations.This review is an updated review of GLP-1 RAs, including their advantages and strategies to improve their efficacy while being delivered as long-acting injectables. Whether the impact of sustained-release systems such as LAI on major diabetic patient outcomes with a focus on adherence to therapy and quality of life is another objective. This works includes the Internship Reports and Monograph entitled “Converting Oral to Long-acting Injectable antidiabetics: diabetes combat technology”. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide high prevalence disease for which effective, safe, and convenient treatment is required for the patient. The complex physiopathology of this disease as well as failure to comply with nonpharmacological measures adapted to the patient’s lifestyle and nonadherence to the prescribed pharmacological therapies are among the main causes of not achieving appropriate control of glycemic levels, thus compromising the success of treatments.Despite developments in therapies, a long way is still needed to make long-acting injectables (LAI) as delivery systems for antidiabetic drugs, particularly when compared to drugs delivered by the oral route. GLP-1 RAs have been studied and identified as a good alternative for the patient and his quality of life. Although these drugs are well studied, little is known about fluctuations between injections limiting the evaluation of the effectiveness of these formulations.This review is an updated review of GLP-1 RAs, including their advantages and strategies to improve their efficacy while being delivered as long-acting injectables. Whether the impact of sustained-release systems such as LAI on major diabetic patient outcomes with a focus on adherence to therapy and quality of life is another objective.