Spectral and Photophysical Characterization of Donor-π-Acceptor Arylthienyl- and Bithienyl-Benzothiazole Derivatives in Solution and Solid State

Abstract

A comprehensive study has been made in solution at room temperature (293 K), low temperature (77 K), and in thin films (Zeonex matrixes) of the spectral and photophysical properties of six arylthienyl- and bithienyl-benzothiazole derivatives functionalized with different donor groups. Similar experiments have been carried out with two related precursors (containing the arylthienyl and aryl-bithienyl conjugated systems), and results are compared. Singlet−singlet and triplet−triplet absorption spectra, emission spectra together with lifetimes and quantum yields have been obtained, and from these data the rates for all the radiative and nonradiative processes determined, providing information on the dominant decay processes. The arylthienyl-benzothiazole derivatives show high fluorescence quantum yields (phiF) with negligible internal conversion (phiIC), whereas the bithienyl-benzothiazoles display lower but still significant phiF values, but now radiationless processes (phiIC and phiISC) are competitive. A comparison with the analogous oligothiophenes is made. Singlet oxygen yields were also determined and the triplet energy transfer to 3O2 to produce 1O2 was found to be highly efficient with values of SΔ(= phiΔ/phiT) varying from 0.4 to 1.