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https://hdl.handle.net/10316/103759
Title: | Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges? | Authors: | Henriques, Beatriz Mendes, Fernando Martins, Diana |
Keywords: | breast cancer; immunotherapy; therapeutic resistance | Issue Date: | 14-Nov-2021 | Publisher: | MDPI | Project: | UID/NEU/04539/2013 UID/NEU/04539/2019 COMPETE-FEDER (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440) UIDB/04539/2020 UIDP/04539/2020 (CIBB) |
Serial title, monograph or event: | Biomedicines | Volume: | 9 | Issue: | 11 | Abstract: | Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunotherapy has broken through as a significant therapy strategy against BC. Over the years, immunotherapy has improved the survival rate of HER2+ BC patients due to the approval of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and, recently, Margetuximab, along with the antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed promising efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, namely Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab. Despite the success of immunotherapy, some patients do not respond to immunotherapy or those who respond to the treatment relapse or progress. The main causes of these adverse events are the complex, intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. In this review, we address the different immunotherapy approaches approved for BC and some of the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/103759 | ISSN: | 2227-9059 | DOI: | 10.3390/biomedicines9111687 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | I&D ICBR - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais I&D CIBB - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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Immunotherapy-in-breast-cancer-When-how-and-what-challengesBiomedicines.pdf | 2.75 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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